Causes of Kidney Stones

Kidney stones may form when the normal balance of water, salts, minerals, and other substances present in urine changes. How this balance changes determines the type of kidney stone you've. Most kidney stones are calcium-type-they form when the calcium levels in your urine change.

Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances - such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid - compared to fluid in your urine can dilute. Simultaneously, your urine may lack substances that keep crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.

What causes kidney stones?

Normally, urine contains chemicals which prevent crystals from forming. However, some people appear to be more prone to kidney stones than others. If you are vulnerable to kidney stones, there are several factors which contribute to their formation:

• Consuming an excessive amount of calcium oxalate or food high in uric acid in your diet 
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Drinking not enough fluid 
• Certain metabolic diseases 
• Consuming an excessive amount of Vitamin C or D 
• Blockage of the urinary tract 
• Bed rest for many weeks or more
• Certain medications